Eficiência relativa da gestão de recursos públicos financeiros em institutos federais de educação, ciência e tecnologia brasileiros

Abstract

The Federal Network of Professional, Scientific and Technological Education, linked to the Ministry of Education, has 38 Federal Institutes present in all Brazilian states and the Federal District. The need to analyze the performance in organizations, especially those that use public financial resources, justifies this research. In this sense, the thesis has as its central proposal to analyze the application of public financial resources in Brazilian Federal Institutes of Education, Science and Technology (IFETs), through an investigation around the concept of efficiency and its analytical conception about public institutions of teaching. In order to achieve the objectives proposed in this research, a bibliographic review study was carried out on efficiency in public educational institutions to support the discussion around the research problem and subsequent choice of the method for efficiency analysis. In this way, the research used the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) technique to measure the relative efficiency of these 38 institutes in the 2016-2019 quadrennium and uses the Tobit regression analysis model to verify the conditioning factors of these efficiency levels. Subsequently, a geostatistical analysis was carried out to analyze aspects related to the geographical arrangement of the units of analysis and their performance levels, in order to verify if there is spatial dependence between the institutions surveyed. As a result, it is observed that the scientific production that deals with efficiency in public education is quite diverse, ranging from theoretical studies (conceptual discussion) to applied research in several countries (measurement of the efficiency of institutions). It is noteworthy that most of the articles found on the subject use DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) as an analysis technique to calculate the relative efficiency of production units. Regarding the relative efficiency of the management of public financial resources, great heterogeneity was identified between the institutions analyzed in the period, revealing that less than half of the 38 Brazilian IFETs operate above the average relative efficiency score. The institutions that presented the best efficiency scores gradually expanded the offer of courses to optimize the existing workforce. It was found that despite the spatial dependence between the analyzed institutions, there was a decrease in this dependence over the years, evidencing the displacement of efficiency levels to the interior of the country, thus fulfilling one of the objectives of Law 11.195/2005, which deals with the Expansion Plan of the Federal Network of Vocational Education in its proposal for the internalization of these educational units.