Propriedades térmicas e mecânicas de argamassa armada dosada com resíduo cerâmico para aplicação em instalações de maternidade na suinocultura

Abstract

In the pig maternity ward, the hider, inside the maternity cell, is responsible for ensuring ideal thermal conditions for newborn piglets, minimizing high mortality rates due to hypothermia, and maintaining a warmer environment than required by the sows. Promoting and maintaining the temperature inside depends not only on an additional source of heat, but also on the material used to close it, which, to be efficient, must have low thermal conductivity. It is interesting to use, for this purpose, materials from the industrial manufacturing process, classified as waste or by-products, promoting sustainable practices and reducing costs in the construction processes of rural facilities. The objective of the present work was to evaluate the thermal and mechanical properties of sustainable mortar, dosed with industrial ceramic waste, to be used in the modular manufacturing process of farrowing pen for maternity facilities in pig farming. For mortar dosage, a 1:4 volume mix (cement, aggregate) was used, and the water dosage was determined based on the results of the test that measures the consistency index, varying from plastic to dry condition. Two mortar samples were used in the tests: one obtained from the replacement of natural aggregate with ceramic waste, called AN, at levels 0%, 12%, 25%, 37% and 50%; and another dosed with 100% ceramic waste, varying only the water dosage, designated AC, for water/cement ratios of 1.35, 1.20, 1.12, 1.05 and 0.90. For mechanical resistance tests, cylindrical specimens and in the shape of bars were prepared. For the thermal conductivity test, sheet-shaped samples were prepared. The mortars in which natural aggregate and ceramic aggregate are used, respectively, were designated AN and AC. The best result for the consistency index for more plastic mortar was obtained for mortar dosed with 100% ceramic residue, AC-1.35, measuring 346 mm, which also presented a void index of 23.68%, higher than that observed for AN-0% mortar, 22.55%. The mortar that presented the highest void content, 30.86%, and the lowest unit mass density of the dry sample, 2,134 g cm-3 , was the mortar dosed with 100% ceramic residue, AC-0.90, which was also the one that presented adequate plasticity for the 197 mm sheet forming stage. Analyzing the thermal properties of the samples, it was found that the mortar dosed with 100% ceramic waste, designated AC-0.90, presented the lowest thermal conductivity value, λ = 0.439 W m-1K -1 , that is, a more efficient insulating condition, an important result for the sheets that will be manufactured for the construction of the farrowing pen. It also presented a higher reduction in the thermal conductivity rate, of 42%, compared to AN mortar, of 25%. The influence of ceramic residue on the reduction of thermal conductivity was also observed in the dosages of mortar replacement, designated AN, that is, the increase in the replacement content of natural aggregate with ceramic residue also reduced the thermal conductivity of the samples. For the mechanical resistance results, the mortar dosed with 100% ceramic residue, AC-0.90, with lower thermal conductivity, also presented sufficient mechanical resistance to resist stress in service, equivalent to the application of a maximum force of 318.60 kg. From the results analyzed, it was possible to verify the real possibilities of using ceramic residue originating from the process of manufacturing ceramic sanitary ware in the dosage of mortar for manufacturing the farrowing houses in pig farming