Agaricus subrufescens: do cultivo ao genoma

Abstract

Agaricus subrufescens is a mushroom native to Brazil, which has specific nutritional and medicinal value. The cultivation on a commercial scale in Brazil requires the development of related technologies, which are of great value and usefulness in developing countries for small mushroom producers. One of the objectives of this work was to promote greater selectivity of the cultivation substrate added with bacteria of the genus Bacillus, and to analyze the productivity and biological efficiency of the mushroom Agaricus subrufescens ABL 04/49. The results showed that microbiological additives increased on the 8th day of composting, can be used as an alternative, without the conditioning phase, in the cultivation of A. subrufescens to accelerate the maturation of the compost, reduce composting time, increase productivity and produced mushroom compost on a small scale by small mushroom producers. It is known that he sun mushroom has a short shelf life, and the mushrooms darken quickly (a process known as browning), generating post-harvest losses if they are not dehydrated quickly, making it quite restricted to consumer markets in the form of capsules, which present high prices. In this way, the change in this picture is the increase in the consumption potential of this mushroom in natura as food, and for this reason, the importance of having its genome sequenced and studied is highlighted, with the purpose of revealing possible new alternatives to be used. in its cultivation, in order to avoid or delay the browning process. The genome sequencing of A. subrufescens ABL 04/49 was developed using a hybrid strategy, combining short readings obtained by Illumina (short-reads) and longer readings obtained by GridION technology (long-reads). The genome of A. subrufescens lineage ABL 04/49, results in this work, contains 13 chromosomes and 31 unplaced scaffolds, totaling 44.5Mb, showing BUSCO completeness (96.5%), GC content of 47.24% and 1.48% heterozygosity. A total of 14,332 protein coding genes were identified, with 64.6% (27,875,936 bp) of the genome covered by genes and 23.41% corresponding to transposable elements, representing a total of 9,793,453 bp. The mitogenome was completely assembled and circularized, resulting in 131,367 kbp and encoding 14 genes. The annotation was improved using public RNAseq data from the JSR3 strain of Agaricus subrufescens from different developmental stages (mycelium, fruiting body, and primordium) available on GenBank. A total of 4 PPO (polyphenoloxidases) were identified in A. subrufescens ABL49 and are distributed mainly on chromosome VII (3 copies) and chromosome IX (1 copy). The Mating-type (MAT) locus has been elucidated and is located on chromosome 1 showing the mip and β-fg genes which flank the homeodomain (HD) transcription factors involved in mating. The phylogenomic analyzes correctly placed A. subrufescens in the Agaricomycetes clade. All results obtained were summarized and made available through the Genome Browser available in a link, being a useful tool to support other genomic studies in fungi. This study presents the first draft of the genome of the Mushroom of the Sun species Agaricus subrufescens lineage ABL04/49, providing an important genomic resource that can be used for the improvement of this important species.