Portable rainfall simulator: evaluation and suitability of plot geometry to improve rainfall uniformity

Abstract

Rainfall simulators are an important tool in many areas of geosciences. The authors of most of the studies published with rainfall simulators try to get the most uniform distribution of precipitation as possible. However, since this is very difficult, indexes are used to assess the greater or lesser uniformity of precipitation in the plot area under study. One of the most used indexes is the Christiansen uniformity coefficient. In this work, changes in the geometry of the wetted area of the plot were analyzed to improve the uniformity of precipitation. This was evaluated through the intensity of precipitation and Christiansen uniformity coefficient in the wet area. The tests were carried out using two models of spray nozzles and different operating pressures. The initial plot geometry was 0.7 x 1.0 m (0.7 m2). The Christiansen uniformity coefficient results were classified as low, while the best performance in terms of precipitation uniformity was obtained at a pressure of 48.3 kPa. Non-uniform precipitation was observable near the outer limits of the plot. Based on the best Christiansen uniformity coefficient results, it was proposed to reduce the effective area of the experimental plot from 0.70 to 0.56 m2, leading to a precipitation intensity of 114.07 and 149.20 mm·h−1, and a Christiansen uniformity coefficient of 81.6 and 83.8%, with the two models of spray nozzles. The results showed that adjusting the geometry of the plot can lead, in a simple and fast way, to a better uniformity of artificial rainfall.