Avaliação do bem-estar subjetivo durante a pandemia de COVID-19 e do efeito da pandemia sobre a prática de exercício físico, percepção de sono e hábitos alimentares em adultos

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic, as a result of social distancing measures, has impacted people's daily routine and lifestyle. in which it can These changes may be associated with changes in subjective well-being which, in turn, can lead to changes in physical exercise, diet and sleep quality. OBJECTIVE: To assess subjective well-being during the Covid-19 pandemic and the effect of the pandemic on physical exercise, eating habits and sleep perception in adults. METHODS: The study included a sample of adults between 20 and 60 years old, of both sexes, residents of municipalities in the south of Minas Gerais. The volunteers were evaluated in a virtual way through instruments that were made available on the Google® Forms platform. The instruments used were the Social Distancing Questionnaire (QDS) and the Subjective Well-being Scale (SWB). The first instrument covered questions regarding eating habits, physical exercise and sleep, in addition to anthropometric issues (weight and height) and changes in the volunteers' routine before and during social distancing due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The second instrument is composed of questions that refer to the spheres that make up subjective well-being (SWB) such as positive and negative affects and satisfaction with life. Komogorov-Smirnov statistical normality

tests, Wilcoxon and Kruscal Wallis tests for nonparametric continuous variables, Chi- Square, McNemar and Fisher's exact tests for categorical variables and Bonferroni's

post-hoc tests were used when any difference was found. The significance level adopted was p<0.05. RESULTS: The sample consisted of 72 adults, with a mean age of 34,63± 9,14, with 76.4% being female. During the pandemic, the negative affect dimension had the highest score (3,77± 0,71) among the BES spheres. The life satisfaction and positive affect dimensions had a mean of 3.19± 0,30 and 2,48± 0,61, respectively. The pandemic resulted in a reduction in the practice of physical exercise in 61% (n=33) of participants who practiced physical exercise before the pandemic and only five people started to exercise during the pandemic. In addition, an increase in total sleep time (TTS) was observed from 8:05± 1:10h to 8:26± 1,07h during social distancing (p=0,0003) and those individuals who reported that they had more time to take care of their health during social distancing had better sleep quality (p=0,001). Regarding eating habits, it was observed that 79,12% of the participants considered their eating healthy, 34,72% improved their diet, 58,3% increased their appetite and 56.94% did not change their meal times during the period of social distancing. No significant changes were observed in eating habits in relation to the pandemic. CONCLUSION: The Subjective well-being of the population evaluated during the COVID-19 pandemic showed an increase in negative affects, these feelings may be associated with the reduction in the practice of physical exercises during the pandemic. On the other hand, social distancing resulted in an increase in total sleep time and did not promote changes in eating habits in adults in southern Minas Gerais.