Indicadores municipais no âmbito dos objetivos do desenvolvimento sustentável: um estudo do ODS6 no contexto do Sistema Cantareira, em Minas Gerais

Abstract

In the year 2015, the United Nation adopted the agenda of 17 Sustainable Development Goals - SDG (Agenda 2030) in the attempt of mitigating and overcoming different crisis that the humanity has been facing. In that regard, this project focuses on SDG6 aiming to assure the availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation to everyone. Based on this SDG, this work pursues to detect sustainability indicators in four cities in Minas Gerais that are relevant sources of water to the Metropolitan region of Sao Paulo, as well as to bring comparative interpretations between the statuses of contribution of the Sustainable Development Goals regarding water resources (SDG6). To achieve that, a mixed approach was used, with emphasis on quality and quantity, using data from secondary resources. The results showed: Goal I - the cities presented efficient percentages of urban water service, and total service showed percentages that demonstrate water supply from alternative sources. A gradual increase in per capita consumption was observed, demanding measures to reverse this growth. Goal II: sewage urban service rates above the national average and total service rate showed the need to implement biodigester septic tanks in rural areas. Goal III: city water sources suitable for conventional treatment aimed at public supply. It was observed that water quality indicators were in disagreement with the required standards. Goal IV: An increase in the withdrawal and consumption of spring water was observed. A reduction in the percentage of total water losses was detected. Goal V - Integrated Management with a defined, transparent and democratic organizational structure. New grants present an evolution in the right for the use of waters. Communication challenges, systems understanding, increased funding and action against groundwater pollution. Goal VI - There was an expressive number of hydric PPAs (Permanent Preservation Areas), secondary Atlantic Forest in reforestation, and springs indicating the need of maintenance, protection, and conservation of the areas and soil recovery offered by managers, public bodies, and society. Goal 6.A - It was observed national and international expansion through the Projeto Conservador das Águas (Water Preserver Project), encouraging rural producers to take care of the environment, such as springs and PPAs, in addition to protect areas so they can provide quality water resources, and also a possible expansion of this project in other cities, and Goal 6.B - Debates regarding Water Resources expanded in the public sphere. It was observed that the indicators of SDG6 are an instrument to achieve water sustainability in the cities of Minas Gerais in the Cantareira Water System.