Política Industrial Brasileira: uma análise de clusters dos desafios enfrentados pela indústria nacional e políticas adotadas de 2004 a 2018

Abstract

After a period focused on macroeconomic stability measures, industrial policies were resumed by Brazil from 2004; however, with conflicts over the forms, they should take. Some theories defend them only to heal market failures, while others understand them as a driving force behind the economy. Both need to meet the challenges faced by the industry in Brazil. Therefore, the purpose of this article was to assess if industrial policies created by Brazil from 2004 to 2018 are aligned with the challenges faced by the industrial sector. The period analyzed portrays the cycle of resumption of industrial policies, starting with the Industrial, Technological, and Foreign Trade Policy (PITCE) in 2004, ending with Route 2030, in the year 2018. The study used the multivariate analysis of clusters (agglomerates) and crosstabs (crossing tables) for 19 industrial sectors, which were grouped in the first year of industrial policies according to the performance observed in their economic factors, such as sales, exports, and innovations, among others. The most representative group was verified, and the challenges faced by them were evaluated, as well as the objectives proposed by industrial policies. The results showed that the national industry problems were considered by a good part of the policies created in the period. It is believed that this research broadens the view on industrial policies, structuring variables called economic factors, with the potential to measure the country's industrial situation and in the direction of policy construction for the industrial sector.