Ambiente térmico e respostas produtivas em duas tipologias de aviários climatizados

Abstract

The production of broiler in fully closed climate control systems is a technology that is expanding in Brazil, yet it is lacking in studies related to the effect of thermal insulation provided by different materials and its impact on animal production. The objective of this work was to evaluate the indoor environment provided to systems closed by curtain (Aviary Closed with Curtain - AFC) and by concrete blocks (Aviary Closed with Blocks - AFB) in commercial aviaries. For this purpose, dataloggers were used at seven points in each aviary, to monitor the air temperature and relative air humidity. Data were recorded daily, at 15-minute intervals, during a production cycle, between August and September 2019. From the information collected, the parameters that allow evaluating the thermal environment were calculated - temperature and humidity index (ITU), and enthalpy (h). Zootechnical information was also recorded: weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion, mortality and kg of meat produced. The dynamics of broiler production makes it possible to divide the cycle, in terms of ambience, into two stages, the first being considered as heating and the second as cooling. It resulted from the analysis for this work that the heating phase is responsible for the greater variability of the data recorded within the aviaries, and that the cooling phase, it was possible to obtain statically equal environments between AFC and AFB. Regarding productivity indicators, the weight gain of birds in AFC was 1.78% higher than in AFB, resulting in feed conversions of 1.46 and 1.43, respectively. Total feed intake was significantly higher in AFC, while mortality was higher in AFB, which can be attributed to other factors, such as management. When considering the consumption per bird at the end of the production cycle, the values obtained were 4.91 kg broiler-1 for AFC and 4.72 kg broiler-1 for the AFB aviary. It was found that although the aviaries operated in a different way, mainly during the heating phase, it did not result in a great impact on the productive responses. In this case, both AFC and AFB maintained the environment with good productivity.