Micropropagação de Dendrocalamus asper Backer ex. K. Heyneke E Bambusa vulgaris Schrad. ex J. C.Wendl

Abstract

In view of the growing demand for products and by-products of forest origin, the use of bamboo species that show rapid growth and multiple uses is a viable alternative, aiming to meet market needs. However, the propagation of these species in large quantities, quickly and homogeneously, is still a challenge for the development of the sector. Thus, this study had as main objective to develop the micropropagation protocols for Dendrocalamus asper and Bambusa vulgaris, and for this purpose the research was divided into three chapters. In the first chapter the objective of this study was to define a micropropagation protocol for D. asper and to evaluate the genetic fidelity of micropropagated plants. The use of sodium hypochlorite, with the concentration (water: hypochlorite, v/v, 1.00 - 1.25% active chlorine), for 10 minutes resulted in 71.42% of establishment, within 30 days. The supplementation of the culture medium with 3.0 mg L-1 of BAP resulted in the best average values for the number of shoots per explant. Concentrations of 2.0 mg L-1 and 3.0 mg L-1 of BAP resulted in the best percentages of elongated shoots. The concentration of 4.0 mg L-1 of IBA favored the formation of adventitious roots. The micropropagated plants showed genetic fidelity, i.e., they can be considered clones of the parent plants. In the second chapter the objective was to evaluate the effect of spectral quality on the in vitro multiplication, elongation and rooting of Bambusa vulgaris. The white fluorescent spectral quality is more suitable to be used in the in vitro multiplication, elongation and rooting of B. vulgaris, favoring the development of shoots for the production of clonal plants. In third chapter the objective of this study was to define a micropropagation protocol for the cloning of Bambusa vulgaris in different cultivation systems and to evaluate the genetic fidelity of micropropagated plants. The use of semi-solid culture medium supplemented with 30.0 g L-1 of sucrose showed the best results for the number of shoots per explant, the concentration of 30.0 g L-1 of sucrose in the liquid medium resulted in the best results values for the elongation of shoots. Regarding rooting, the use of activated charcoal in the culture medium did not influence the formation of adventitious roots. The micropropagated plants showed genetic fidelity, i.e., they can be considered clones of the selected plants.