Diagnóstico dos resíduos de construção e demolição coletados no município de Lavras - MG: um estudo para a implementação de uma usina de triagem e reciclagem

Abstract

The civil construction sector stands out as one of the most important for the national economy. It is responsible for a large portion of job generation in the country. Despite its contribution to the economy, it is responsible for some environmental impacts, such as the significant volume of waste generation on the planet, contributing to soil and water pollution, and the destruction of landscapes. Currently, construction and demolition (C&D) waste has caused difficulties for its generators, requiring a clear and objective management plan regarding the final destination, as provided for in the National Policy for Solid Waste (PNRS in Portuguese), Law 12,305 of 2010. In the municipality of Lavras - MG, there is no proposed management model for this type of waste, resulting in the accumulation of C&D waste in the open, without proper disposal, contributing to the depletion of natural resources and environmental degradation. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the waste generated, focusing mainly on its quantification and qualification. In this context, the present work aims to present a physical characterization of the C&D waste collected by skip companies in the municipality of Lavras-MG to evaluate the feasibility of implementing a Sorting and Recycling Plant (SRP). The methodology was based on quantifying the number of skips and their respective volumes, and the C&D waste, discarded by each company in the dumping area authorized by the municipal government, in different periods, employing three gravimetric compositions, separating the waste in their respective Classes (A, B, C, or D), according to Resolution nº 307 of 2002 of the National Environment Council (CONAMA in Portuguese). The results showed a significant difference between the volumes of waste generated by each company, demonstrating the difference between the size of each project, which presents variables such as supply and demand, investments, and financial planning for the companies. The six companies that reached the final stage of the process obtained the averages of approximately 1,079.78 m³, 399.91 m³, 674.525 m³, 605.09 m³, and 480.54 m³, throughout the study, for Companies A, B, C, D, and E, respectively. Company F participated only in the first months of the study, presenting an average of 430.96 m³. The gravimetric characterization performed in June, August, and October of 2019 presented greater representativeness in Class A waste in all analyses since approximately 96.67% of the characterized waste had the potential for recycling or reuse. Thus, the municipality has great potential for implementing an SRP that will allow better management of the C&D waste since the waste undergoes identification and sorting, packaging for reuse and recycling, transportation, and disposal according to each class. However, there is still a need to elaborate a Municipal Construction and Demolition Waste Management Plan to identify illegal dumping areas, contributing to the population's environmental preservation, well-being, and health.