Caracterização de acessos de alho quanto ao desempenho agronômico e capacidade de florescimento

Abstract

Garlic is a vegetatively propagated vegetable because of its inability to propagate sexually, a fact that contributes to low productivity due to the high viral load caused by the repetitive use of propagating materials. In this sense, the objective of the present work was to characterize experimental accessions of garlic as to its agronomic performance, flowability and genetic divergence among them. The experiment was carried out in the experimental area of the olericulture sector of the Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brazil, in May 2018. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with 13 treatments (genotypes) and four replicates. The emergence, emergence speed index, plant height, percentage of burdock, average commercial bulb weight, number of bulbs per bulb, total yield, commercial yield, flowering percentage and length and diameter of floral scape. In addition, the physicalchemical characteristics (soluble solids, pH and titratable acidity) and the classification of the bulbs produced were evaluated based on their sizes. The data were submitted to analysis of variance (p <0.05), and when significant the effects of the genotypes, their means grouped by the Scott-Knott test at 5% of significance. We also proceeded to study the divergence by means of multivariate analysis, adopting the technique of canonical variables. The analysis of variance indicated significant differences (p <0.05) among the genotypes for the rate of emergence, blooming percentage, floral scape diameter, floral scape length and commercial yield. The highest commercial yield and flowering percentage were observed in RAL access (8.82 t.ha-1) and DDR 6024 (80.92%), respectively, which differed only from the cultivars. All physical-chemical characteristics presented significant differences (p <0.05) in relation to the genotypes. The highest values of titratable acidity, pH, soluble solids soluble solids ratio / titratable acidity were observed in the genotypes Quitéria (1.29%), RAL 159 (6.43), RE 493099 (33.50%) and Caçador (71, 85%), respectively. Regarding the commercial classification of bulbs, there was a higher concentration in classes 3, 4 and 5. Experimental accesses showed higher amounts than commercial cultivars in all these classes. The highest genetic divergence was observed between the experimental accessions and the commercial cultivars. There was a variation between the RAL 159, UO 73 and RAL 751 accessions with the other experimental accesses influenced by the solid soluble / titratable acidity ratio. In general, the accesses showed superior agronomic performance in relation to the commercial cultivars, being more productive, with more flowering percentage and better physical chemical quality, characterizing in this way as potential genotypes for genetic improvement and garlic cultivation.