Variações espaço-temporais em áreas de cerrado em Minas Gerais

Abstract

The Cerrado is a plant formation with great potential phytophysiological which has a significant diversity related to the fauna and flora. Given its intrinsic characteristics, the domain is characterized as a global hotspot and acts as a carbon sink. Thus, it is important to emphasize the knowledge of its phytophysiognomies, in which, through floristic surveys, it is possible to understand the structure and development of the tree community and provide information for elaboration of conservation and preservation strategies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the vegetation dynamics of the campo cerrado and cerrado sensu stricto phytophysiognomies in fragments located in Minas Gerais by the measurements of three time intervals (fragment I: 2003, 2010 and 2014, fragment II: 2003, 2005 and 2010, and fragment III: 2002, 2005 and 2013), as well as quantify the carbon stock and analyze its temporal and spatial variations in the respective periods. Forest surveys were carried out in three Cerrado fragments located in Brasilândia de Minas, Corinto and Olhos d'Água. It was sampled a specific number of plots (10 x 100m) into the areas of interest and all individuals with diameter at 1.30 meters of soil (DBH) ≥ 5cm were measured had the total height measured, as well as the botanical identification. The dynamics of the tree community, diametric structure, extended-correspondence analysis (DCA), as well as the carbon stock quantification and spatial analysis of the variable were studied. The areas showed a higher recruitment rate when compared to mortality. The DCA allowed to predict that there is a greater heterogeneity for the fragments I and III when compared to the fragment II, thus presenting a greater substitution of species along the first axis. It should be noted that basal area, varied between 3.67 and 13.07 m².ha -1 and the average carbon variation was between 10.23 and 32.8 Mg.ha -1 . It was observed through the annual increment per hectare a variation from 0.3054 to 2.5740 Mg.ha -1 .year -1 . The thematic maps allowed to infer about the growth of the carbon stock, confirming through the correlation of the maps the difference between the periods in each area. The three fragments maintained a significant development and growth and consequently the carbon stock had a progressive increase.