Fungos micorrízicos arbusculares e adubação orgânicana produção de fitomassa, análise químicafenólica do óleo essencial e dopotencial antioxidante de Melissaofficinalis L. (Lamiaceae)

Abstract

The species Melissa officinalis L. originates from the regions of Europe and Asia. It belongs to the family Lamiaceae, covering about 200 genera and approximately 3.200 species spread worldwide. This medicinal plant is widely known by the population by several names, among them: cidreira, lemon balm, true cidreira. Ethnobotanical studies demonstrate sedative, anxiolytic and antidepressant effects, among others. The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can improve the cultivation of medicinal species, providing a higher amount of plant dry matter and high active constituent content. And fertilizer care can increase or decrease drug production and hence active principles, as the lack or excess of nutrients can interfere with the chemical composition of the plant. The use of medicinal plants as an antioxidant has been gaining ground in the scientific field since studies show promising results. Therefore, we aimed to: (1) investigate the influences of AMFs on the cultivation of medicinal plants, as well as on their chemical compounds through a literature review. (2) to observe the influence of AMFs and bovine fertilization on the growth and chemical composition of the essential oil of Melissa officinalis L. (3) to evaluate the antioxidant potential under the same conditions. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse at the Laboratory of Tissue Culture of the Federal University of Lavras - UFLA. The 2:1 substrate (soil: sand) was sterilized (autoclave) for a period of one hour, with a temperature of 120°C under a pressure of 1atm. After 24h this process was repeated. The mix of AMFs was composed by the species: Scutellospora heterogama, Claroideoglomus etunicatum and Acaulospora morrowiae. The experimental arrangement was organized in a completely randomized design (DIC) in a 2 x 2 factorial scheme (with / without fungi - CF / SF, with / without manure - CE / SE), totalizing four treatments SFSE, SFCE, CFSE e CFCE. Of the 62 selected papers, 42 (67 ,7%) demonstrated that mycorrhizal fungi significantly influence the growth and/or the essential oil of medicinal plants. The treatments inoculated with FMAs (CFSE and CFCE) showed significantly higher rates of infection with 46,2 and 43,6%, respectively, when compared to those without inoculation (SFSE and SFCE) with 23,1 and 29,6%, respectively. The presence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi there was a gain of dry matter. The treatments with inoculation showed the highest averages for oil yield, both with 0,01 (g of OE.Planta -1 ). On the other hand, those without fungi had the lowest averages, respectively, 0,002 and 0,004 (g of OE.Planta -1 ). The treatments with AMF (CFSE and CFCE) presented, respectively, the highest significant averages of total phenols (136,45 and 135,26 mg of EAG. g of dry leaf -1 ). The results of the present study show that arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and organic fertilization may provide benefits for Melissa officinalis L. The symbiosis established by mycorrhizal fungi contributed to the accumulation of major constituents like geranyl and neral (citral) present in the essential oil, as well as total phenols accumulation in relation to non-inoculated treatments.