Fertilizantes, coberturas e condicionadores de solo no controle da cercosporiose do cafeeiro

Abstract

This paper aims to study the influence of different fertilizers, dead coverages and soil conditioners on coffee management for the control of brown eye spot (Cercospora coffeicola) in coffee (Coffea arabica) seedlings ‘‘Mundo Novo 379-19’’, susceptible to brown eye spot. In the experiment, three factors were compared: soil cover with three levels, fertilization with two levels and soil conditioners with five levels, involving 30 treatments. A randomized block delimitation with three replicates was used, totalizing 90 experimental units. The treatments were allocated in the field, following a scheme of sub-subdivided plots. In the plots, the three weed management or soil cover (plastic film, brachiaria and exposed soil) were attributed. In the subplots, the two fertilizations were allocated (formulated 20-00-20 and controlled release). In the sub-subplots, the five soil conditioners (coffee husk, agricultural plaster, hydro-retentive polymer, organic compost and absence of conditioner) were allocated. Each experimental unit was constituted of a line of six plants, the four central ones being considered useful and the two of the ends as border. Among the plots, bordered lines were used. The highest incidence of brown eye spot occurred in periods of lower temperature and rainfall and high relative humidity. Treatment with exposed soil allied to the organic compound resulted in lower averages incidence (18.5%). The plastic film coverage associated with the controlled release fertilizer promoted lower incidences (31.9%) when compared to the plastic film associated with the formulated 20-00-20 (37.4%) of the disease. Soil cover with brachiaria presented higher average severity (21.3%), that is, it presented a higher disease when compared to other treatments. The soil cover with plastic film promoted greater vegetative growth and leaves yield, diluting the disease, despite the high incidence.