Disponibilidade de silício e biomassa de milho em solo contaminado por chumbo tratado com silicato

Abstract

The absorption of silicon by plants can result in the amelioration of heavy metal phytotoxicity, thereby improving phytoextraction due to increased plant tolerance. The critical levels of Si in the soil for plant species in Brazil are still being discussed, however the best extractant for Si has not yet been defined. This work aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of methods for Si extraction from soil (calcium chloride, acetic acid, citric acid, and water). In addition, the biomass yield, concentration and content of Si in maize plants grown in a Pb-contaminated soil were also studied. Si was applied at the rates 0, 100, 250, 350, and 500 mg kg-1 in 5.5 dm-3 pots in which 65 day old plants were cultivated. The Si doses promoted biomass reduction but increased the Si concentration in roots and shoots. The application of Si doses greater than 100 mg kg-1 decreased the biomass yield of corn plants grown in contaminated soil. Calcium chloride and acetic acid were extractants that correlated significantly with the concentration of Si in plants.