Taxocenose de Abelhas em Fragmentos de Mata Atlântica no Município de Ribeirão Pires

Abstract

The diversity and abundance of bee species in forest fragments become sensitive indicators of the ecological conditions of these environments. Bees are important plant pollinators, being responsible for the reproduction of many plant species. Monitoring and conservation initiatives are essential to allow the detection of changes in the richness and abundance of these pollinators in the long term. Therefore, this work was developed with the main objective of understanding the community of bee species (Hymenoptera; Apidae) in three areas of Atlantic Forest fragments in the municipality of Ribeirão Pires, all in the medium stage of regeneration, as well as understanding the influence of the colors of pan traps and the essences of bait traps on bee sampling, evaluating and comparing the abundance, richness and diversity of species between the colors of the dishes and the odors of the traps. 189 individuals were collected, representing 2 families, 3 tribes, 11 genera and 22 species. Pan-traps attracted 21.69% (41 individuals) in all colors in the three forest fragments, while bait traps sampled 78.31% (148 individuals). Eufriesea sp1 was the most abundant bee species, sampling 45.50% (86 individuals) in total for the three fragments. On the other hand, 6.87% (13 individuals) sampled only 1 bee specimen represented by the genera Augochloropsis, Apis, Bombus, Euglossa, Exaerete. Regarding the influence of the colors of the pan traps, it was observed that the blue trap presented greater abundance and richness, while the white and yellow traps did not show a significant difference between them. The white and yellow traps showed a higher level of similarity between colors, while the eugenol and cineole essences were more similar. In the relationship between the essences and the species collected, eugenol and vanillin presented greater abundance, while eugenol presented greater species richness. Therefore, it is concluded that bait traps are complementary in the attractiveness of the bee community in the three fragments studied. The abundance and richness of bees were greater in odor baits, demonstrating greater efficiency and the blue color was more attractive to bees in terms of abundance and species richness. The fragments are green refuges for local bees, providing food resources, nesting niches and suitable for species mating, and their conservation is important for the maintenance and local environmental balance.