Probabilidade: uma proposta didática para se trabalhar no ensino médio

Abstract

The present work aims to elucidate the concept of probabilistic phenomena, focusing on problems worked in High School. Making up the historical context under which the Probability Theory was developed, we will highlight some precursors and their contributions in this way. We will also present the laws that underlie the aforementioned theory and their application in problem situations contextualized in the students’ daily lives, in order to instigate the perception and understanding of the random phenomena that surround us. For that, the classic, frequency and axiomatic definitions of probability will be presented, without neglecting the pre-acquired knowledge by the students on the subject, but in order to contribute to the solidification, deepening and expansion of this knowledge. The main discrete probability distribution models will also be addressed, as well as proposals for activities to be developed in the classroom with High School students, presenting through the examples of applications covered, how vast the pedagogical and interdisciplinary work space on the subject is, aimed not only at building knowledge to be applied in school activities, but also in the critical and conscious exercise of citizenship.