Fatores que interferem na adesão ao tratamento do Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2

Abstract

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM2) is an important chronic non-communicable disease that represents one of the main causes of population hospitalization and mortality. It results in a high cost to health systems and individuals diagnosed with the disease. Glycemic control is the DM2 treatment main goal. In order to achieve adequate glycemic control, some self-care activities are necessary such as a healthy diet, physical activity, feet care, blood glucose monitoring besides taking medications as prescribed. However, there are high rates of non-adherence to treatment which jeopardize the therapy. Thus, this paper objective is to identify and define the factors that interfere in this adhesion. The research was carried out in the city of Três Corações - MG. A hundred three (103) both sexes, diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, aged between 31 to 81 years adults have participated in this study. They were evaluated through a socioeconomic questionnaire, Diabetes Self-Care Activities Questionnaire (DSCAQ) and International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). The collected data were described as frequency, mean, standard deviation and analyzed through logistic regression and cluster analysis (p <0.05). In the DSCA questionnaire, the activity with the highest adherence was related to medication intake (6.52 days ±1,52) and the lowest adherence was the activity related to the practice of specific physical exercises (1.29 days ±2,11). The IPAQ questionnaire determined that 66.0% of the participants reached the physical activity recommendations of 150 minutes of physical activity per week from the American Diabetes Association. It was identified through the cluster analysis education low level and glycated hemoglobin low levels as the factors that interfere in adherence to self-care activities. In conclusion, it was possible to demonstrate that some factors may interfere with adherence to the DM2 treatment and, therefore, specific health education actions should be promoted for these groups.