Controle genético, teor de lignina, caracterização ultraestrutural e qualidade de sementes de soja

Abstract

Currently, in soybean improvement programs, the use of seeds with high physiological quality has been sought with several characteristics of interest. The objective of this work was to evaluate the physiological quality of the seeds from a partial diallel, to estimate the genetic tests useful for the breeding programs, to verify the importance of the maternal effect, to study the relationship between the physiological quality and thickness, lignin content and histochemical analysis on the coat. Previously selected soybean seeds were used, three with high quality (CD 201, CA 115, MS 8400) and three with low seed quality (CD202, Syn 1263, Syn1279), have been intercrossed using a partial diallel scheme. Seeds from these crosses were evaluated for seed physiological quality using germination tests, first germination count, accelerated aging test, emergency test and occurrence speed index. Lignin contents in coat were quantified and their thickness was measured in all coat layers using scanning electron microscopy. The most contrasting cultivars for the lignin was analyzed using microscopy of epi-fluorescence and histochemical techniques. The effects of general capacity (CGC) and specific combinations (CEC) and reciprocal effects were analyzed. There was a significant effect of the additive and dominant genes for seed quality characters, and a reciprocal effects pronounced that suggests the presence of the maternal effect. There is variation in physiological quality in relation to genotype, lignin content and coat thickness. However, a relationship between these characteristics and physiological quality is not conclusive. Lignin is more concentrated in the hilum region.