Efeito do óleo de peixe na modulação de marcadores metabólicos em modelo de hiperalimentação pós-natal

Abstract

Obesity is a major public health problem in the world. Dietary changes during intrauterine life and/or postnatal period may contribute to the development of obesity during adulthood. Fish oil appears as a coadjuvant treatment to attenuate metabolic disorders, being composed of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Therefore, this paper aimed to investigate the effect of fish oil on the modulation of metabolic markers in postnatal overfeeding model. The neonatal overfeeding was induced by reducing litter size. The animals were shared into four experimental groups: Control (C); Postnatal overfeeding (PO); Postnatal overfeeding + Fish Oil supplementation (POFO). Fish oil was given to the mothers (1g/kg per gavage technique) during the mating, gestation and breastfeeding phases, once a day. The male offspring were monitorated to 120 days of age. The OGTT was performed at 70 and 120 days of life of the animals. Weight gain and food intake were monitored weekly. At the end of the experiment, blood, liver and adipose tissue were collected. Biochemical parameters were evaluated using commercial kits. Serum adipokines as well as cytokines in adipose tissue were measured by ELISA. Total hepatic lipids content was extracted by Folch technique, and cholesterol and triglycerides was determined by commercial kit. Stress oxidative markers (TBARS and hydroperoxide concentration) and antioxidant enzymes (SOD and CAT) were measured by colorimetric method. Statistical analyzes were performed on GraphPad Prism®. According to our results, fish oil supplementation prevented weight gain at 21 days of age, improved glucose tolerance, reduced fasting glucose, total cholesterol and LDL-c, and increased the HDL-c fraction in adulthood. Supplementation with fish oil also restored serum levels of leptin and resistin, and decreased serum chemerin, and reduced these same markers of lipid peroxidation, associated with an increased in catalase activity. In this way, the results suggest that maternal supplementation with fish oil has a attenuating effect on metabolic alterations in overfeed offspring in adulthood.