Valores energéticos da farinha de carne e ossos e do óleo de soja para diferentes espécies e categorias de aves

Abstract

This paper aimed to determine the energetic values of meat and bone meal and refined soybean oil for different species and categories of poultry. A metabolic test was conducted with 90 male Cobb 500® broiler chicks in growing, 36 Leghorn adult roosters, 54 Isa Brown hens in pre-laying, 54 Isa Brown hens in laying, 180 Coturnix coturnix japonica Japanese quails in initial and 180 in final laying. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 6 x 2 factorial scheme, consisting of the six poultry species/categories and two test foods, with six repetitions per treatment. Meat and bone meal and refined soybean oil replaced the reference ration in 20 % and 10%, respectively. The values of apparent metabolizable energy (AME), apparent metabolizable energy corrected to nitrogen balance (AMEn), gross energy metabolizability coefficient (GEMC), and dry matter metabolizability coefficient (DMMC) were determined, and the values obtained were submitted to analysis of variance and the averages were compared by Scott-Knott test at 5% probability. There was interaction of species/categories of poultry and test foods for the values of AME and AMEn, and for the meat and bone meal the greatest value of AME was observed for hens in pre-laying process. For refined soybean oil, the highest values of AME occurred for roosters, hens in pre-laying process, quails in initial and in final laying process. Greater values for AMEn were observed in roosters, for both foods. There was interaction of species/categories of poultry and test foods for the GEMC, in which the meat and bone meal showed greater value for roosters, and in the refined soybean oil, higher coefficients were found for roosters, hens in pre-laying process and quails in final laying. There was no interaction of species/categories and test foods for the DMMC, however higher values were observed for broiler chicks, hens in pre-laying process, laying hens and quails in initial laying process. It is concluded that the different species and categories of poultry may present differences in the use of the energy contained in the food, and the EMAn ranged from 1676 kcal/kg DM to 2470 kcal/kg DM for meat and bone meal and 8315 kcal/kg DM to 8763 kcal/kg DM for refined soybean oil.