Obtenção de óleos de sementes de frutos do cerrado utilizando diferentes processos de extração

Abstract

This work was carried out to evaluate the viability of the extraction of oil and bioactive compounds in seed marolo and soursop. The first step was to characterize the seed, the results show that seeds have high oil and phenolic compounds concentrations. Seeds after having been characterized have been subjected to extraction processes using pure solvents (ethanol, hexane, isopropanol and acetone) at three different temperatures (35ºC, 45ºC and 55ºC) and three different solid-liquid ratios (1: 5, 1: 7, 5 and 1:10), the results obtained at this stage showed that the hexane solvent showed higher yields of soluble solids extraction and lower yields of phenolic extractions. The third part of the study addressed the optimization of seed extraction processes using ethanol as solvent for this purpose was made a design central rotational compounds (CCRD) evaluating the effects of the independent variables concentrations of cosolvents (hexane and isopropanol) and temperature the response variables, the result showed that the addition of hexane and increasing temperature increased yield of soluble solids extractions, however the addition of hexane decreased phenolic extractions. The fourth part of the study had the calculation of kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of seed extraction processes using pure solvents: obtaining consistent results to the solid-liquid equilibrium was also shown that the washing process controls the solids extraction processes soluble paras the two seeds. Thermodynamic analysis of data show that the DH were positive, the ΔG Ds were positive and were negative indicating that the processes are endothermic and spontaneous. Finally extractions were performed processes using Soxhlet apparatus, assisted by ultrasound and aqueous enzymatic extraction, using solvent hexane the yields obtained extractions were similar enzymatic extraction had low extraction yield. Through the results obtained, it can be shown that the seeds of marolo and soursop can be used for the extraction of oils from that, adding value to an agro-industrial waste.