Diagnóstico florístico da arborização urbana no Brasil e no município de Lavras – MG

Abstract

Afforestation in urban environments promote benefits of social, economic and ecological order, with its planning presenting great importance in ensuring these benefits and environmental services. Therefore, this study seeks to discuss street trees at different levels. The first, at a nationwide level and, the second, at the local level, in the municipality of Lavras, MG, Brazil. At the nationwide level, we sought to answer the following questions: (1) Which are the species used and which are the most in street trees in Brazilian cities? (2) Native and threatened species are used in street trees? (3) Given the high level of anthroponization, the environmental factors influence species distribution of street trees in Brazilian cities? In order to do this, we developed a database with the floristic survey of street trees in 93 Brazilian cities, in which we cataloged 638 species, with 338 native Brazilian species, verifying the concentration of individuals in few species. In this research, we cataloged 20 threatened species. The environmental factors influenced the composition of the species used in street trees, verified by means of the Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA). At a local level, in the municipality of Lavras, we aimed at obtaining information of the floristic composition of its street trees, diagnosing the conflicts with urban elements and seeking to correlate the different socio-economic conditions of the municipality with street trees. We cataloged 43 species, with only seven native species of the region, similar to the greater portion of Brazilian cities, we found the accumulation of individuals in few species and the lack of planning led to the emergence of conflicts between vegetation and urban elements. Regarding the different socio-economic realities in the municipality, there was an inclination of improvement of the street trees indicators in neighborhoods with better socioeconomic conditions. The information obtained at the different levels aided in the improvement of the insertion and maintenance of plants in urban areas, where the need for species diversification is indicated for Brazilian street trees, in addition to the performance of researches for the greater use of identified rare species, considering the experiences of their use, with the possibility of indicating species according to the influence of the bioclimatic variables in their distributions. At the local level of Lavras, the results aided the government in the guidelines and actions necessary to improve the afforestation in the different realities of the municipality.