Desempenho agronômico de cafeeiros utilizando diferentes técnicas de manejo

Abstract

The coffee tree, as it is a perennial plant, has productivity that is significantly influenced by constant climate changes, especially temperature and rainfall. The objective of this work was to evaluate the growth, productivity and quality of coffee trees subjected to innovative management technologies and traditional agronomic techniques, combined. Two experiments were conducted, the first experiment was prolonged in the field, at the Federal University of Lavras, from January 2020 to October 2021. The factors under study were convenient in a 3x2x5 factorial scheme, composed of three replications in a sub-plot system subdivided. The factors were three soil cover management (brachiaria, polyethylene film and ecological planning), two types of fertilizers (conventional and controlled release) and five soil conditioners (coffee husks, organic compost, agricultural gypsum, water-retaining polymer and witness). The second experiment was conducted at Fazenda Cafua, municipality of Lavras, between the years 2021 and 2022. The factors were composed of a 2x2x2 factorial scheme, with two cultivars (Catuaí IAC 99 and Catucaí 2SL), two driving systems (irrigated and dryland) and application of chitosan (chitosan and chitosan-free). In both studies the variables under study were growth, physiological attributes, productivity and quality of the coffees. In general, the organic compound and coffee husk influenced stomatal conduction. The highest productivity was obtained by using organic compost. Management with controlled-release fertilizers, organic compost, coffee husks and brachiaria promote efficient water use conditions, directly affecting plant development and productivity. An irrigated system contributed to greater leaf water potential and increased productivity. The sensory notes, higher total sugars, potassium leaching and polyphenols were attributed to the application of chitosan. The combination of sustainable management such as coffee husk, organic compost, brachiaria combined with advanced techniques such as the use of chitosan promotes transparency and greater productivity and quality of coffees.