Interação do proteoma e metaboloma durante o desenvolvimento de frutos de Caryocar brasiliense Camb. e Annona crassiflora Mart.

Abstract

The Brazilian Cerrado is a biome rich in exotic fruit species, such as pequi (Caryocar brasiliense Camb.) and marolo (Annona crassiflora Mart.). To elucidate molecular mechanisms underlying the development and ripening of these fruits in four stages, proteomics (UPLC-MS) and a set of metabolites were analyzed: vitamin C and total carotenoids (spectrophotometric methods), volatile organic compounds (HS-SPME-GC-MS) and the profile of alkaloids and phenolic compounds (HPLC). In pequi, 234 proteins were identified and 47 metabolites were quantified. The results indicate that the most influential transcription factors acting in the regulation of ripening are members of the MAD-box family. Proteins related to the methionine cycle indicated high methionine consumption and recycling. Different proteins were correlated with the presence of metabolites, such as monodehydroascorbate reductase and ascorbate peroxidase in the recycling of ascorbic acid; pyruvate kinase, fructose bisphosphate aldolase and phytoene synthase with carotenoid biosynthesis; S adenosylmethionine synthase 1 as a donor of methyl groups in the formation of trigonelline. Alcohol dehydrogenase, a fundamental enzyme in the synthesis of volatile esters, increased 7.2-fold during development. In the marolo, 993 proteins were identified and 45 metabolites were quantified. At the beginning of development there is a greater presence of ribosomal, transcriptional and post-translational proteins. The families of transcription factors GATA, MADS-Box, MYB, F-box and HD-Zip were identified, which are likely coordinators of the biological processes of the marolo. In the mature stage, there is an increase in the accumulation of cellulases, and the antioxidant system showed a mostly constant behavior. Therefore, a large group of proteins and some metabolites can serve as biomarkers of different biological processes or biosynthetic pathways in pequi and marolo.