Redução de emissão de amônia pela cama de aviário por meio da incorporação de Kamafugito e rejeito de quartzito e o impacto na qualidade do composto orgânico

Abstract

The high concentration of ammonia in poultry houses is a result of the microbial decomposition of waste. On a laying farm, a study was conducted to evaluate the reduction of ammonia in the environment, using the kamafugite remineralizer and quartzite waste as additives in sawdust poultry litter. The additives were added during the birds' laying stage. To this end, first volatile ammonia (VA) was analyzed in relation to the temperature averages (T) with curtains open and curtains closed. It was found that with closed curtains the concentration of AV in the environment is higher. The T and AV averages were 23.6 °C and 7.5 ppm with open curtains and 16.7°C and 17 ppm with closed curtains. Data analysis was adopted with closed curtains, as there was no influence of wind on the environment and because it was the most critical stage in relation to ammonia emissions. An experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design in triplicate, to evaluate AV with monitoring of T, with the treatments being: (T1) sawdust poultry litter; (T2) poultry litter with sawdust with addition of 23% quartzite powder mesh #200 and (T3) poultry litter with sawdust and addition of 23% kamafugite powder #200. The average T during this stage was 19°C, it was found that there was no significant difference in the results for AV in the treatments: T1-7.80 ppm; T2 - 6.80 ppm and T3 -7.70ppm. However, the results in the three treatments demonstrated the effectiveness in reducing ammonia in the environment with the additives used. AV levels were within acceptable levels, up to 10 ppm, and lower than in the first stage of analysis, in which AV with curtains closed was 17 ppm at an average T of 16.7°C. After removing the chickens from the shed, the second stage of work began: composting poultry litter waste and evaluating the quality of the organic compound formed. Four different treatments on chicken litter with sawdust were analyzed: T0 (no control); T1 (control) without additives; T2 adding 23% quartzite powder; T3 addition of 23% kamafugite; and T4 combination of 33% kamafugite and 33% quartzite, the latter added after the birds lay, at the beginning of composting. Each treatment was carried out in triplicate and the bed was composted for 110 days. A significant increase in nitrogen levels was observed, with T1, T2, T3 and T4 recording increases of 56%, 77%, 217% and 24% respectively. T3 stood out, presenting the largest increase in N, reaching 6.28%, an increase of 308% in relation to T (1.54%). The research concluded that the additives used with sawdust reduced ammonia emissions in sheds with poor ventilation and improved the nutritional quality of the organic compounds formed after composting poultry litter. It is recommended to use the remineralizing additives kamafugite and quartzite waste in sawdust.