Efeito do campo magnético estático e priming sobre a qualidade fisiológica em sementes de tomate

Abstract

Vegetable seeds such as tomato are highly valued in the market and need new strategies and production technologies to guarantee the quality and higher productivity of this crop of unquestionable importance at national and global levels. In recent decades, magnetopriming has been an innovative and potential technique to accelerate germination and increase the vigor of seedlings, minimize deterioration, among other physiological characteristics that guarantee the formation of vigorous seedlings, the establishment of plants in the field and high tomato productivity, in a sustainable way. Several researchers have studied the effects of the magnetic field on seeds, however, there is a lack of related information on its influence on the growth of seedlings in greenhouses associated with seed storage and their protein expression. Thus, in this study the effects of magnetopriming on the physiological quality and enzymatic expression in seeds stored for different periods were evaluated. The research was carried out at the Central Seed Research Laboratory and in the greenhouse of the Department of Agriculture of the Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), MG, Brazil. Hybrid sedes of two tomato genotypes, IBIZA and FARO, obtained at the Center for Development and Technological Transfer of UFLA, in the municipality of Ijaci, MG, Brazil, were evaluated in the same harvest and edaphoclimatic conditions. The seeds were subjected to a 100 mT magnetic field with a magnetic exposure time of 60 minutes, and physiological conditioning for 24 hours in distilled water. Seeding germination and vigor analyses, and enzymatic analysis, were carried out at the beginning of storage and after three months. Significant differences were found for the triple interaction between genotype x priming x magnetic field factors, for the variables evaluated at the beginning of storage, germination and emergence speed index, fresh and dry mass, and hypocotyl, root and total seedlings lengths, and after three months of storage for germination percentage, germination and emergence speed index, and dry mass of the seedlings. Significant difference for the double interaction priming x magnetic field, for the variable dry mass at the beginning of storage, and for the double interaction genotype x magnetic field, for the variables, total length of the seedlings at the beginning of storage, and after three months of storage. for percentage of emergence, root and total seedlings lengths. In conslusion, magnetopriming is a technique that has positive effects on the physiological quality of seeds and vigor of tomato seedlings and on the expression of the enzymes catalase, esterase, malate dehydrogenase and alcohol dehydrogenase. There is also an influence of the genotype on the physiological quality of seeds subjected to the magnetic field and priming.