Comportamento alimentar, espiritualidade e religiosidade de sujeitos com apneia obstrutiva do sono em uso de CPAP (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure)

Abstract

The coexistence of overweight and Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) requires the use of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) and changes in eating behavior as treatment. Religion and spirituality seem to be associated with adherence to treatment and changes in lifestyle in Chronic Health Conditions. The objective was: (1) to know the eating behavior of subjects with OSA and overweight, investigating the association with religiosity and quality of life in terms of spiritual, religious and personal beliefs and (2) determine the impact of spiritual intervention, at the expense of a comparative group, on adherence to CPAP and spiritual well-being in subjects with OSA. Subjects with moderate to severe OSA were recruited in the city of Lavras-MG. Adherence to CPAP was investigated using the AirView™ telemonitoring system and categorized into: good adherence to CPAP (> 4 hours/night) and poor adherence (˂ 4 hours/night). In the first stage of the research, data on eating behavior [Three Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ-R21)], quality of life in terms of spiritual and religious aspects and personal beliefs [World Health Organization Quality of Life instrument- Spirituality, Religiousness and Personal Beliefs] were investigated. (WHOQOL-SRPB)] and religiosity [Duke Religious Index (DUREL)]. In the second stage of the research, data on quality of life [World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF)] and spiritual well-being [Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Spiritual Well-Being (FACIT-Sp)] were investigated. The spiritual intervention was a prayer based on Psalm 23, with background music. In the comparative group, audio based on the Food Guide for the Brazilian Population was used. In both studies, data were analyzed using SPSS software; p < 0.05 was adopted. In the first stage of the research, 58 participants with a mean age of 59.2 ± 11.1 years were included, of which 51.7% (n = 30) were female. Higher cognitive restriction scores were observed [52.8 (27.8 – 72.2)]. Younger age and higher BMI were associated with higher scores on the uncontrolled eating and emotional eating subscales. As well as higher scores for females on the emotional eating subscale. Frequent participation in organizational and non-organized religious activities, in addition to the search for internalization and full experience of religiosity as a central role in life, were reported. There were no associations between eating behavior and quality of life in terms of spiritual, religious, personal beliefs and religiosity (p > 0.05). In the second stage of the research, 62 subjects with a mean age of 59.3 ± 11.0 years participated, 50% of whom were female. In both groups, there was no increase in post-intervention adherence to CPAP (p > 0.05). However, good adherence to CPAP was maintained and spiritual well-being increased post-intervention, the latter being associated with better quality of life (p < 0.05). It is important to investigate the eating behavior of subjects with OSA and overweight as a health-producing practice. Regarding adherence to CPAP, both interventions, prayer and Dietary Guide, were effective in maintaining adherence to CPAP and promoting greater spiritual well-being in subjects with moderate to severe OSA.