Relação entre fatores influentes no status de vitamina D e sintomas de depressão em indivíduos com diabetes tipo 2

Abstract

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic, highly prevalent clinical condition that affects 7% of the Brazilian population. Studies indicate that depression in patients with T2DM tends to compromise several domains of quality of life, including physical and psychological health and social relationships, in addition to contributing to greater obesity prevalence, worse control glycemic and complications multiple of diabetes. As several epidemiological studies in the latest decades have related vitamin D deficiency with the incidence of depression, the present study aimed to evaluate the factors that influence vitamin D status and the relationship with symptoms of depression in subjects with T2DM in the municipality of Barbacena-MG. This is an observational study involving the population from Barbacena-MG, who has T2DM, of both sexes and aged over 45 years. Socioeconomic, anthropometric data (body mass index [BMI], waist circumference [WC], calf circumference [CC], and waist-to-height ratio [WHR]), 24-hour recall (R24h), factors associated with vitamin D status (exposure to sunlight, skin phototype, and vitamin D supplementation), and symptoms of depression through Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were investigated. A total of 94 subjects participated in the research, of which 67% were women and 63.8% were elderly. Most had completed fundamental I or fundamental II education incomplete (48.9%), were married (55.3%), with a monthly family income of 1-2 minimum wages (70.2%). When analyzing the consumption of alcoholic beverages and tobacco, most did not make use of both. Skin phototype II prevailed over the others (28.7%). Regarding sun exposure, most participants were exposed to the sun for up to 15 minutes daily (63.8%); although most did not practice physical activity in the sun (86.2%), did not expose themselves to the sun when they went to work (100%), he did not work in sunlight (95.7%), and never tanned (81.9%). 78.7% of the investigated sample did not use sunscreen. The majority of subjects in the study did not take vitamin D supplementation (90.4%). As for the average habitual consumption by the individuals with T2DM, he has observed one consumption of vitamin D, in addition to fibers, vitamins A, C, E, B3, B6, and B9, potassium, magnesium, calcium, phosphorus, and zinc, below the recommended. Regarding symptoms of depression, a considerable portion of the population analyzed presented some degree of depression (51.4%), being the degree light the bigger prevalence (30%). The clusters were characterized by variables related to vitamin D status, with cluster 1 (n=43) having the lowest vitamin D status and cluster 2 (n=42) having the highest vitamin D status. Despite the high incidence of depression symptoms in the general population (48.8% at cluster 1 and 55.2% at cluster 2), such symptoms did not suffer influence, in this study, of the factors that influence vitamin D status (p = 0.938). However, vitamin D status also showed no relationship nutritional status and/or education level. The analysis of the usual vitamin D intake revealed no difference between the clusters, pointing out one ingestion too much lower hair study participants.