Bidens pilosa como alternativa no controle da coccidiose em frangos de corte desafiados com Eimeria spp.

Abstract

The experiment evaluated the effectiveness of alternative programs containing Bidens pilosa in controlling coccidiosis in broilers challenged on the 14th day of life with oocysts of Eimeria spp. Performance, carcass yield and cuts, abdominal fat deposition, mortality and intestinal lesion score were evaluated. A total of 2,400 Cobb 500 chicks were housed in a conventional house. The experimental design was randomized, with eight programs evaluated in 12 repetitions, with 25 chickens each. The evaluated programs were T1: basal mash diet (DB) without additive (1 to 42 days); T2: DB with Salinomycin (66 ppm, 1 to 42 days); T3: DB with Nicarbazin (450 mg/kg, 1 to 7 days), Nicarbazin + Narasin (625 mg/kg, 8 to 21 days), Salinomycin + 3-Nitro Acid (550 mg/kg, 22 to 35 days) and Salinomycin (66 mg/kg, 36 to 42 days); T4: DB with Bidens pilosa (75 mg/kg, 1 to 42 days); T5: DB with B. pilosa (100 mg/kg, 1 to 42 days); T6: DB with Salinomycin + B. pilosa (66 mg/kg and 75 mg/kg, respectively, 1 to 42 days); T7: DB with Salinomycin + B. pilosa (66 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg, respectively, 1 to 42 days) and T8: DB with Nicarbazin (450 mg/kg, 1 to 7 days), Nicarbazin + Narasin (625 mg/kg, 8 to 21 days) and Salinomycin + B. pilosa (66 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg, respectively, 22 to 42 days). The nutritional plan presented three rations, meeting the nutritional requirements of chickens from 1 to 21, 22 to 35 and 36 to 42 days. To induce coccidiosis, all chickens were challenged with feed inoculated with E. acervulina, E. maxima and E. tenella. As main results, it was observed that before the sanitary challenge the performance of the chickens was similar (P>0.05) between the programs. In the acute phase of the disease, although chickens from groups T2, T6 and T7 showed intermediate CR, they exhibited higher WG and better CA (P<0.0001), justified by the fact that these three treatments contain salinomycin alone or associated with B. pilosa. In the periods from 1 to 35 and 1 to 42 days, there was no difference (P>0.05) for CR between programs. However, programs T1, T4 and T5 resulted in higher WG of chickens (P<0.0001). For AC in the total period, T4 resulted in the best AC, while programs T3, T6, T7 and T8 exhibited the worst AC. Carcass and cuts yields and abdominal fat deposition did not change (P>0.05) between programs. There were severe intestinal lesions (P<0.0001) triggered by E. acervulina in programs T1 and T4. There was no difference (P>0.05) in the lesion score for the other Eimeria. Considering the productive cycle of 1 to 42 days and the sanitary challenge used, it is concluded that the alternative program consisting of DB with B. pilosa at a concentration of 75mg/kg resulted in the best AC and lower mortality rate, in addition to not harming the carcass yields, prime cuts and abdominal fat deposition.