Estratégias de manejo para incremento da produtividade de culturas oleaginosas nos sistemas de produção

Abstract

Brazil is considered the largest soybean producer in the world, with favorable climatic conditions for the cultivation of other oilseeds of great importance, but with low productivity, for example canola. According to the world scenario of grain production, obtaining high yields depends on several factors, and the use of alternative crops in the production system is one of them. Allied to this scenario, there was a rapid growth in the use of substances that seek to increase soybean productivity. Among these compounds, the herbicides lactofen, imazethapyr and 2,4 D have been used, however, there is little scientific information attesting to these practices, which causes instability in the response observed in the field. Aiming to understand the performance of the soybean crop in terms of the use of growth regulators and also to verify the possibility of introducing canola in the production system in the region of Campo das Vertentes - MG, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the application of herbicides and other growth regulators, applied at different doses and times in BMX Desafio RR soybean under different sowing densities, in addition to evaluating the agronomic performance of canola hybrids under cultivation conditions in the mesoregion of Campo das Vertentes, MG. The experiments were conducted at the Center for Scientific and Technological Development in Agriculture at UFLA-Fazenda Muquém. For the experiment with growth regulators, a randomized block design was used in a split-plot scheme, with four replications, with the main plots consisting of two sowing densities, 300 and 400 thousand plants ha-1. The subplots consisted of 1- Lactofen in V4, at a dose of 144 mL ha-1 of active ingredient (i.a.); 2-Lactofen in V6 (144 mL ha-1 a.i.); 3- Lactofen in V4 (72 mL ha-1 a.i.) + V6 (72 mL ha-1 a.i.); 4- Mechanical cutting of the apical buds at the V6 stage, 5- Grain set©® at V4 (250 mL ha-1) +V6 (250 mL ha-1); 6- 2.4 D in V6 (50 mL ha-1 a.i.); 7- Imazethapyr in V6 (300 mL ha-1 a.i.); and 8- Control, without product application. Soybean production and yield components were evaluated. For the experiment on the agronomic performance of canola hybrids, a randomized block design was used in a 6 × 6 factorial scheme, with four replications. The first factor was composed of six canola hybrids, namely: Hyola 433, Hyola 575 CL, Nuola 300, Hyola 571 CL, Diamond and ALHT B4. The second factor was composed of the six sowing dates: 02/15/2019, 02/28/2019, 03/20/2019, 04/09/2019, 02/22/2021 and 03/11/2021. The components of production, grain yield and canola oil were evaluated. Low plant densities provide an increase in the production components of the Desafio RR cultivar. Using growth regulators in soybean provides increases in soybean grain productivity. The canola hybrids Nuola 300 and Hyola 575 CL have the potential to be cultivated in the Campo das Vertentes region – MG.