Captura de desmodus rotundus em regiões de mata e manguezais do estado do Maranhão: um estudo longitudinal

Abstract

The aim of the study was to investigate the number of captures and the control of the common vampire bat Desmodus rotundus on small farms in the municipality of Cedral, State of Maranhão, Brazil. The area was chosen because the highest number of captures in Maranhão was made there around corrals. Official control is accomplished by applying warfarin 2%, a vampiricid gel, on captured bats. In this study, control records of captured hematophagous bats were analyzed, and a questionnaire was applied in the field to identify areas with the highest number of captures. From 2005 to 2010, 223 captures in 101 farms were studied; in 190 of them existed control with application of warfarin 2% gel on the bats.. There was a total of 344 attacked livestock out of 754 exposed animals, mostly cattle (49%), followed by horses (18%), poultry (15%), pigs (9%) and goats (8%). After 6 years, the proportion of captured male and female bats was 1.08 to 1.00, compared to 1.00 to 1.21 in the first year, what demonstrates that the treatment was more effective in females. Within three years, there was control in the number of bats in 95% of the farms, after 1 to 6 captures. The main attacked area of the animal bodies was the neck. Only 57% of the owners vaccinated their livestock. The present study concluded that (1) the control with capture of bats in corrals was effective, (2) but it is prudent to monitor the area during the first 3 months after the end of control, (3) the number of captured bats was similar to the number of recent bites, and (4) D. rotundus could attack any domestic animal, with little predilection for poultry