Fatores de risco associados à infecção por Cryptosporidium spp. e Giardia duodenalis em bovinos leiteiros na fase de cria e recria na mesorregião do Campo das Vertentes de Minas Gerais

Abstract

This cross-sectional observational study was conducted to evaluate the risk factors associated with the infection by Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis in calves of 20 dairy farms located in the mesoregion of Campo das Vertentes in Minas Gerais state, Brazil. The farms were divided equally into two groups according to the type of milk: Group I = B-milk, and Group II = Raw refrigerated milk. Fecal samples from 356 calves were collected from September 2008 to August 2009 and analyzed using the Ziehl-Neelsen stain and fluctuation in 33% zinc sulfate solution to detect, respectively, Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts and G. duodenalis cysts. Data on management practices and health conditions for the cattle rearing were obtained through interviews during the visit to each property at the time when a single sample was collected from feces of calves 1 day to 12 months of age. The overall average frequency of calves infected with Cryptosporidium spp. was 21.62% and the age of 7 to 21 days had the greatest number of animals eliminating oocysts. For G. duodenalis, the overall average frequency was 25.56% and the age group 60 to 90 days had the highest number of calves with cysts in the feces. The results of this study indicate that infection by Cryptosporidium spp. and G. duodenalis is common in calves from dairy cattle in the Campo das Vertentes of Minas Gerais. Among the factors associated with an increased risk of infection by Cryptosporidium spp. and G. duodenalis in calves discussed in this study, the followings stand out: Permanence in the maternity picket for more than 12 hours after birth, colostrum feeding from 7 hours after birth, the first supply of water and concentrate from 1 to 7 days of age, and maintenance in a collective installation and/or one located near the corral.