Efeito das plantas atrativas manjericão (Ocimum minimum) e cravo amarelo (Tagetes erecta) sobre artrópodes praga e inimigos naturais em cultivo de tomateiro (Solanum lycopersicum L.) em sistema convencional

Abstract

Pest control in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) crop is practiced with intensive use of chemical insecticides, harming the life of the natural enemies of the pest insects. Thus, the use of biological control with plants that naturally attract natural enemies is a valuable technique to contribute to the integrated pest management. The objective of this work was to determine the effect of basil (Ocimum minimum) and yellow marigold (Tagetes erecta) on the arthropod community in conventional tomato cultivation. The basil experiment was carried out in the municipality of Senhora dos Remédios, Minas Gerais, between March and July 2018, collecting 1366 arthropods. The basil plant mainly attracted parasitoids from the Braconidae, Encyrtidae and Eulophidae families. For the yellow marigold experiment, the studies were carried out in two areas in different years. Experiment 1 was from May to June 2018 in the municipality of Senhora dos Remédios, Minas Gerais, and experiment 2 was from July to November 2019 in the municipality of Barbacena, Minas Gerais. For both experiments, three collections were carried out with the plants in full bloom and three collections after removing yellow marigold plants. In experiment 1 were collected 12197 arthropods, and 1887 in experiment 2. In the yellow marigold plants the parasitoids that stood out were those of the Eulophidae family, with a frequency of 34.13 % in experiment 1, and in experiment 2, were those of the Encyrtidae family with frequency 14.08%. Regarding the effect of basil and yellow marigold plants, both somehow influenced the arthropod community associated with conventional tomato planting.