Análise de atenuação de sinais por fenômenos atmosféricos em sistemas de comunicações de redes 5G/6G

Abstract

Modern society has been demanding from mobile networks an increasingly high data transmission rate, with low latencies. To meet such expectations, telecommunications network technologies have evolved to reach 5G, which is being implemented around the world by telephone operators. In addition to this new technology, studies are already geared towards the standardization of 6G by the year 2030. These types of networks have frequency bands with millimeter wave spectra, which can suffer signal degradation caused by atmospheric phenomena, such as rain and atmospheric gases. Raindrop size diameters vary primarily with the rate of precipitation; and the attenuation of the radiofrequency signal is increasing for the intensity of greater rainfall. Atmospheric gases are also drivers of signal degradation, due to the presence of oxygen and water vapour. To carry out studies of these types of attenuation, some models are used, such as those of the International Telecommunications Union—Radiocommunications Sector (ITU-R). In this context, a methodology is proposed for using the Recommendations of ITU-R P.530-18, ITU-R P.837-7, ITU-R P.838-3, ITU-R P.618-13, ITU- R P.839-4 and ITU-R P.1511-12 for signal attenuation caused by rain; and ITU-R P.676-12, ITU-R P.836-6, ITU-R 1510-1 and P.835-6 for attenuation caused by atmospheric gases. A method for accessing precipitation rate digital maps is presented, providing use in any programming language. In addition, a comparison of data from the precipitation rate, from the city of Belo Horizonte-MG, using the digital maps of the ITU-R and the Local Meteorological Station, using the Gumbel distribution, is also carried out. In the case of Rec. ITU-R P.618-13, an investigation is made of the influence of the factor β, for percentages of exceeded precipitation rates, different from 0.01\%, studied in the Earth- Satellite link in attenuations caused by rains. Then, flowcharts containing the step-by-step use of the recommendations are performed and the signal attenuation is verified for several cities around the world, with very different geographic coordinates.