Abundância e riqueza de ácaros predadores e/ou foréticos associados à moscas em aviários e toxicidade de inseticidas a esses organismos

Abstract

The Musca domestica Linnaeus, 1758, better known as housefly, is the fly species of greatest sanitary importance, with worldwide geographic distribution and being an endophilic species. This causes numerous problems from places such as urban centers, as in environments destined for agriculture and livestock. In aviaries, M. domestica stands out as a pest insect since it uses bird feces as an ideal substrate for its development. Among the means of control that occur in aviaries, the main ones are cultural control with removal of waste and cleaning of the place, biological control with maintenance and insertion of organisms that act to reduce the population of the fly and chemical control with the use of chemical compounds. this being the most traditional. However, for an effective control of the fly to occur, studies on the integrated management of the pest are necessary where the control methods already carried out can be used in the best way. This is because it is already known that the wrong use, for example, of chemical control, which is the most used, in addition to causing resistance in the insect pest, causes deleterious effects on natural enemies. Thus, the objective of this work was to understand the effects of exposure to chemical compounds frequently used in aviaries to control houseflies and their potential natural enemies, predatory mites and/or symbionts. The experiments of chapter one took place in the locations of two aviaries, one with a history of insecticide applications (located in the city of Nepomuceno, MG) and the second aviary without a history of applications (located in the city of Lavras, MG). The populations of flies used in chapter two came from the two locations mentioned in chapter one and a third location that has no history of insecticide applications (located on Campus UFLA, Lavras), the mite species used in chapter two was collected in the aviary without history of insecticide applications (located in the city of Lavras, MG). The experiments of the second chapter were carried out at the Laboratory of Molecular Entomology and Ecotoxicology and at the Laboratory of Ecotoxicology and Integrated Pest Management, both at the Department of Entomology at the Federal University of Lavras (DEN-UFLA). In the study to evaluate the richness and abundance of predatory mites and/or symbionts in two different aviaries with and without a history of insecticide applications, it was found that the relative abundance of M. domestica and predatory mites and/or symbionts is negatively affected when it occurs insecticide applications in addition to that, the richness of predatory mites and/or symbionts is also strongly affected. In the study to evaluate whether the insecticides used to control M. domestica in aviaries, interfere negatively in the population of a predatory mite species of the Macrochelidae family that is a potential controller of the insect pest, it was found that most of the insecticides tested not only interfered negatively in the population of the natural enemy, but they acted in very different ways in the three different populations of M. domestica tested. It is recommended at the end of this study that selective insecticides be used to control M. domestica but that, as long as tests are carried out to understand how the population of the insect pest in which we are dealing reacts to these chemical compounds and that they are also insecticides that cause the least possible damage and are used in synergy with populations of natural enemies.