Relação entre qualidade muscular, antropometria e determinantes sociais de saúde em idosos não-institucionalizados

Abstract

Social determinants of health (DSS) are defined as the conditions in which a person is born, lives, grows, works and ages, having an important influence on the impairment of health status. During aging, some adverse situations are amplified, such as the reduction in muscle quality, which is directly related to the loss of functionality and autonomy. The identification of aspects that associate poor muscle quality with DSS in aging reflects on possible personalized interventions in order to reduce this prevalence. Thus, the aim of this research was to evaluate the relationship between muscle quality and anthropometric parameters with social determinants of health in elderly people living in a city in the south of Minas Gerais. The project was approved by the Ethics Committee for Research in Human Beings at UFLA (opinion number 3.049.720). Inclusion criteria were non-institutionalized elderly (over 60 years old) from the city of Lavras - MG, of both sexes. Exclusion criteria were: unresponsive individuals; wheelchair users; bedridden; who have upper and/or lower limb prostheses and cardiac stent. In two days, sociodemographic and health conditions, income, education, marital status, level of physical activity, anthropometric measurements, and the bioelectrical impedance test (BIA) and handgrip strength test were evaluated for calculating the Muscle Quality Index (MQI) were evaluate. As a result, most research participants were women (82.6%), individuals aged 60 to 69 years (54.2%), married (57.6%) and living together (spouse, sons, siblings) (84%). Lower muscle quality was found in older elderly (p=0.029), less physically active (p=0.013), and with a lower level of education (p=0.037). The IQM showed a negative correlation between age in years (ρ= -0.200, p=0.016) and between BMI (ρ= -0.182, p=0.029). There was a positive correlation between education level and the IQM (ρ= 0.172, p=0.049). The social determinants of health that showed a greater association with muscle quality were age, level of physical activity, educational level, and body mass index. The definition of the DSS that can influence muscle quality in the elderly will allow the assessment of new preventive strategies both in individuals and in populations, promoting healthy aging.