Unidades demonstrativas no Sul de Minas Gerais para estudo da adaptabilidade e estabilidade de cultivares de café

Abstract

The southern region of Minas Gerais is considered one of the main coffee producers in Brazil. Due to the great socioeconomic impact of coffee growing in the region, the use of management practices that increase the sustainability of the activity is of great value to its population. Among these practices, there is the use of new cultivars, more productive and resistant to coffee rust, the main disease of the crop. However, for success in recommending these cultivars, there is a need for evaluations through experiments in various environments, supported by biometric parameters of adaptability and stability that ensure technical guidance to producers. One of the ways to make this type of study feasible is through experimentation on farms, also called cultivar demonstration units, where the experiment is carried out in a single plot, allowing for better visualization and conduct of the experiment by the producers. Thus, the objective was to verify the agronomic performance, adaptability and stability of cultivars in cultivation environments in the southern region of Minas Gerais through demonstration units, to carry out the recommendation of Arabica coffee cultivars. The experiments were installed in December 2016, in 12 environments located on private properties in different municipalities located in the southern region of Minas Gerais. Ten genotypes were used, namely: seven rust resistant cultivars (Catiguá MG2, MGS Ametista, MGS Aranãs, MGS Catiguá 3, MGS Paraíso 2, Paraíso MG H419-1 and Pau Brasil MG1), a rust resistant progeny (H6- 47-10 pl. 3) and the cultivars Bourbon Amarelo IAC J10 and Catuaí Vermelho IAC 99 as control. The parameters analyzed for the recommendation were yield, vegetative vigor, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), sensory analysis, sieve 16 and above and percentage of mocha grains. The statistical analyzes of adaptability and stability were obtained through the adjusted means obtained by the AMMI (Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interaction) analysis, from which specific interactions were obtained by the principal components graph, and by the AMMI stability value (ASV), and region-wide interactions by means of Annicchiarico, Scott-Knott mean cluster test and Rank Sum of Ranks (SPR). Using biometric tools, it was possible to study the adaptability and stability of coffee cultivars. The genotypes MGS Paraíso 2, MGS Amethyst and MGS Aranãs have good general adaptability in relation to all characteristics evaluated for the southern region of Minas Gerais. In terms of productivity, the most recommended genotypes are MGS Paraíso 2 and H6-47-10 pl. 3. The genotypes Catiguá MG2, MGS Paraíso 2 and Pau Brasil MG1 were the most suitable for the region for the production of specialty coffees.