Atratividade dos municípios de Minas Gerais à instalação de empreendimentos de base florestal

Abstract

The Brazilian forestry sector stands out for its innovation and productivity, and its influence on the national and international market is constantly growing. With the increase in population density, there is an expectation of an increase in demand for forest-based products in the coming years. Failing to observe this trend, the state of Minas Gerais (MG) seems to be moving in a scenario opposite to other Brazilian states, with a reduction in forestry investments and difficulties in attracting new industries. Difficulties arising from bureaucracy, legal uncertainty and lack of strategic planning for the sector. The territorial extension, the edaphoclimatic variation and the economic and population diversity make planning even more complex, making it necessary to select suitable areas for the development of the sector through guiding guidelines. For this reason, the present work intends to contribute to fill this gap, by conducting a survey of the municipal profile sought by forest-based industries and elaborating a scenario of the attractiveness of Minas Gerais municipalities, considering the municipal characteristics linked to environmental, social, economic and environmental aspects. that can favor planting and adding value to the forest product in the State. To survey the profile of MG, the application of a questionnaire was adopted seeking to know the social, economic, environmental and governmental characteristics of the municipalities. These factors were scored according to the level of importance for business decision making and, subsequently, a classification was generated for all municipalities. As a result, it was found that 58.24% of the municipalities have “medium” or higher attractiveness, and the main mesoregions with potential for the strategic development of the forestry sector for large enterprises in MG are Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte, Sul / Sudoeste de Minas and Zona da Mata and the main municipalities Uberlândia, Uberaba and Poços de Caldas. All segments analyzed (cellulose, steel, wood panels, coal and furniture) achieved medium, high or very high attractiveness in more than 40% of the municipalities. The segments that showed the highest correspondence with municipal characteristics were steel and pulp, which were attractive in 74.08% and 72.79% of the municipalities, respectively. Concluding the exposed, the present work contributed to shed light on some criteria used by the industries of the forestry sector in the selection of the locality to initiate an investment, showing the differences and similarities between the analyzed sectors. In general, the criteria that were most important were: "availability of labor", "infrastructure of the municipality", "presence of other companies that consume wood", "price of land" and "proximity to highways". And through this we verified that a large part of the state of Minas Gerais would meet the business requirements regarding municipal characteristics. With these favorable characteristics, the next step would be to improve the performance of the public sector to attract these investments, since the slowness and high bureaucracy are identified as obstacles to the state's attractiveness. With regard to the methodological procedure, it is expected that it may encourage research to deepen the methodology on strategic planning for the expansion of the forestry sector in an orderly manner, not only in Minas Gerais, but throughout the country.