Perfil cronotipo e possível bruxismo do sono e em vigília em adultos assistidos pela Estratégia Saúde da Família (EFS)

Abstract

The chronotype (CT) is characterized by the behavioral manifestation of greater predisposition to perform activities in certain periods within the circadian cycle (period of 24 hours) and has been associated with several chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as obesity and diabetes mellitus, as well as changes in the orofacial system, such as bruxism. Bruxism includes unusual masticatory muscle activities during sleep - sleep bruxism (SB) or during the waking period – awake bruxism (AB). Both conditions do not characterize diseases in themselves, but behaviors that can be associated with tooth wear, pain and/or muscle fatigue. High social demands, use of psychoactive substances, stress, lack of physical activity, ingestion of poorly nutritious foods as well as changes in sleep patterns are factors that are associated with circadian misalignment. To date, there are no Brazilian studies with users of the public health system, associating CT, SB and AB. This population tends to present greater social vulnerability and perform work routines starting frequently before sunrise, directly interfering with the comfort time at awakening, which can generate sleep alterations such as SB. The present study aimed to verify the association between the afternoon, morning or intermediate CT with the prevalence of possible SB and AB in adult individuals (over 18 years old) assisted by the Family Health Strategy (FHS). The determination of CT was carried out in 384 individuals, registered in the health units of a municipality of approximately 110 thousand inhabitants, in the south of the state of Minas Gerais. The individuals were selected through probabilistic sampling by clusters, with data collection at households, in a cross-sectional design. We determined height, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, depression, presence of NCDs, alcohol and tobacco consumption, education and income. The Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ-SA) was used to determine the CT and the Self-Report-Based Bruxism Questionnaire for possible SB and AB. The average age of the participants was 51.4 ± 1.1 years, with a higher prevalence of the morning CT. The possible SB was associated with females, lack of physical activity and income above two minimum wages (~U$500). There was a 19% reduction in the chances of SB involvement in morning individuals compared to evening individuals (p = 0.017; 95% CI 0.05-0.75). Possible AB, on the other hand, was associated with younger individuals, smokers and with reports of depression (p<0.05). It was concluded that the morning circadian preference (CT) was associated with greater protection in relation to the afternoon profile for the possible BS in an adult population assisted by the FHS.