Previdência social rural: uma análise a partir do município de Lavras/MG

Abstract

With the advent of the Federal Constitution of 1988, social security schemes were created and the rural and urban publics were equated, contemplating them with guarantees and rights previously not accessed. The special insured, who had their regulation from Law 8.213/91, started to be identified as the producer, partner, sharecropper, rural tenant, artisanal fisherman and similar, and must carry out their activities, individually or in a family economy regime. In this context, in the present work had as the objective to identify and measure the social and economic impacts of the rural social security policy for special insured and for the municipality of Lavras/MG, after the Constitution of 1988 promulgation. Descriptive research from the case study was used as methodology, using the collection of documentary data extracted in the system of e-sic (Citizen Information Service) from the base of INSS (National Institute of Social Security) from 1988 to 2018 and in field research with 110 special insured (rural retirees and pensioners). The results of the survey pointed out the granting, over the years, of social security benefits of various kinds. However, the most accessed benefit in 2018 was rural retirement, with a total of 737 benefits. Of these, 55.08% were granted to women and 44.9% to men. It was found that special insured acquired their financial autonomy, having an important role within the family, and many of them became family providers. Of the interviewees, 98.2% apply the funds received in “Food”, 93.6% in “Medication” and 83.6% in “Personal care”. It became evident the importance of this income for the access of families to goods and services, corroborating the propositions of the social security policy importance as its social character, like public policy of universal, integral access, with the aim of providing to the special insured minimum human dignity. Even though, with the offensives of neoliberal policies, these rights started to be affected through counter-reforms that occurred during these years. On the other hand, the resources determined by the policy revert to internal consumption, favoring the economic dynamism of trade and services in the municipality of Lavras, demonstrating not only social but economic role of rural social security. In the year 2018, an amount of R$ 11.516.688.00 was received by special insured in the municipality of Lavras. This amount represents 30.36% of the amount received by Lavras from the (FPM) Municipality Participation Fund, thus demonstrating the economic importance of social security transfers.