Alterações nos hábitos alimentares melhoram os sintomas da síndrome pré-menstrual em atletas?

Abstract

The Menstrual Cycle (CM) is the big responsible for the most important changes in the female organism, being composed of a complex organization between hypothalamus, endocrine system and the organs of the reproductive system. The aim was verify if a normocaloric diet and the use of antispasmodic medicine, in case of primary dysmenorrhea, could helped to improve the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome in athletics athletes. Twelve female athletics athletes were evaluated. However, at the end of the study, 6 participants remained. They were evaluated in the three phases of the menstrual cycle (MC): follicular, ovulatory and luteal. In all of these moments, it was did anthropometric assessment, assessment of the resting heart rate, assessment of the PMS index, assessment of emotional and mood status before and after the training session, assessments regarding food, through recording 72h food before the individual normocaloric diet and during the diet through a 24h recall once in each phase of the MC. The subjective perception of effort (SPE) and the training time to quantify the training load (TRIPMS) were evaluated during all MCs. A descriptive statistical analysis of all variables was performed with determination of the mean and standard deviation. A Shapiro-Wilk normality test was performed to verify the distribution of data between variables in different phases of the MC. The homogeneity of the variance was verified through the Levene test. Considering that the variances are not homogeneous and to better analyze the relationship among the variables, a Manova test was performed to compare the periods and Pearson's correlation analysis to determine the association among the study variables. To check the reliability of the questionnaire, the Alpha Cronbach’s test was performed. In all analyzes, the level of significance will be p <0.05. Statistically significant differences were found among some variables referring to training load as arbitrary units (AU) and strain of the menstrual phase of the first and second MC. Regarding nutritional aspects, differences were also identified. The amount of carbohydrates, proteins and total kilocalories ingested was lower before the normocaloric diet. As for the expected results of reducing PMS symptoms, there was no significant difference in relation to the statistical treatment presented.