O papel dos movimentos sociais na formação da agenda: uma análise comparativa entre movimento pela soberania popular frente a mineração e movimento dos atingidos por barragens

Abstract

Among many issues in Brazilian context that demand the elaboration and formulation of public policies, the problem faced by those affected by mining and dams, due to the impacts caused by large economic enterprises, whether mining or hydroelectric, stands out. Those affected are organized into social movements, the focus of this research is the Movement of People Affected by Dams (MAB) and the National Movement for Popular Sovereignty in Mining (MAM), which seek to reduce these impacts and fight for their rights. Thus, this research aims to analyze the actions that MAB and MAM have taken to influence in shaping the public agenda in favor of the affected population by large economic enterprises. This project theoretical basis is supported by concepts about public policy process focused on the theory of public agenda, social movements and their repertoires of collective action. It also presented a discussion about the major economic developments, affected by mining and dams and the movements that will be studied. The methodological procedures are based on qualitative research, using interviews with these movements leaders, which were transcribed, categorized and analyzed using the content analysis method. Through the interviews, it was evidenced that both movements recognized the importance of creating a national level movement, having those affected as precursors, as well as other partnerships, because as theoretically argued the movements need to work collectively and seek participatory ways to achieve their goals. In addition, the creation of these movements are due to the numerous externalities generated by mining and hydroelectric projects such as: invasion of fauna and flora, worker health, deterioration of terms of trade, urban swelling, slums, poverty trail, immaterial impacts, relations of ceased work, increased violence against women, among other points exposed in the referential and in the results. In order to mitigate these impacts and to insert their agendas on the agenda, the movements have demanded issues such as the reduction of social conflicts, expansion of the terminology affected and the movement, new legislation, new energy and mining model, mitigation of the high impacts on women, popular sovereignty and participation, dialogue and awareness, the creation of public policies that address these issues. The collective action repertoires are means that the movements have sought to insert their agendas in the public agenda, as well as to validate their agendas socially, the main repertoires of this research are: formation, mobilization, participation, projects, social interaction among others. It was observed in the research that the social and structural complexity makes the paths taken by the movements oscillating, volatile, which makes it difficult to insert agendas in the public agenda. Among the results achieved by the movements to influence the public agenda, elements of visibility, credibility and relevance in the public problems discussed by the movements can be identified. However, their trajectories still demand the development and improvement of many repertoires of action, since the formulation of public policies for those affected by mining and hydroelectric projects in Brazil, are marked by unequal relations between the State, the market and society.