Efeitos imunológicos e metabólicos de diferentes doses de prebiótico (Saccharomyces cereviseae) em ratos Wistar diabéticos

Abstract

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is one of the main problems of global public health. Conventional treatment of diabetes involves changes in lifestyle, including diet and physical activ ity. Soluble fibers, such as β-glucans (BG) have been used in the control of diabetes due to its hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects. The objective of this study was to evaluate different dosages of BG isolated from Saccharomyces cerevisiae on inflammatory and metabolic parameters of Wistar rats experimentally induced to diabetes by streptozotocin injection (i. p. 70mg / kg). Animals were considered diabetic when blood glucose levels reached values above 250 mg / dL. Thirty-five animals were randomly divided into five groups (n = 7) and received daily doses of 0 mg / kg (negative control), 10 mg / kg, 20 mg / kg or 40 mg / kg BG per 4 weeks. One group received 1000 mg / kg of commercial fish oil derivative (rich in omega-3 - positive control) for the same period. The consumption of water and feed, blood glucose, serum levels of total cholesterol and fractions, triacylglycerols (TAG), as well as serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), tumor necrosis factor (TNFα), interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and interleukin 10 (IL-10) were measured. Histological evaluation of the liver, pancreas and small intestine was also performed. The animals that consumed BG presented lower feed and water consumption (p <0.05) in relation to the control groups (omega 3 and 0 mg). There was a significant reduction of glycemia and serum levels of total cholesterol, LDL-c and TAG (p <0.05); without changes in HDL-c concentrations (p> 0.05). Reductions have generally been obtained with the lowest dose of 10 mg / kg. For hepatic enzymes, there was an average reduction of 40% in serum ALT concentration and 60% in AST. Metabolic parameters that presented significant alterations were submitted to regression models, with second-degree adjustment. The ideal dose estimated by the mean of all these parameters was 30.39 mg / kg / day. In relation to the immunological profile, TNFα significantly reduced between the groups in relation to the control (0 mg) (p <0.05), but no significant statistical differences were found between the groups for IL-1β and IL-10 (p > 0.05). No histological changes were found in the pancreas, liver or intestine in the studied groups. It was concluded that BGs significantly reduced glycemia, as well as serum levels of total cholesterol, LDL-c, and TAG. There was a hepatoprotective effect due to the reduction of ALT and AST. There was a significant reduction of tumor necrosis factor.