Utilização do substrato pós-cultivo (SMS) de Agaricus subrufescens e Pleurotus ostreatus na produção de alface e rúcula

Abstract

Agaricus subrufescens and Pleurotus ostreatus are mushrooms that have a high commercial interest by offering nutritional and medicinal information o f great value. After production, spent mushroom substrate, from English “spent mushroom substrate” (SMS), becomes a valuable byproduct and can be an important source of alternative compound, mainly for plant production. Thus, SMS can be a source of low-cost substrate in the production of vegetables, such as lettuce and arugula, which represent a significant economic share in agriculture. Thus, the present study evaluated the use of SMS of Pleurotus ostreatus var. Florida and Agaricus subrufescens as organic fertilizer in front of the two vegetables. The SMS were provided by CECOG (Center for Mushroom Studies - FCAT / UNESP). The experiment was conducted in the field at the UFLA experimental farm (CDTT). Mushroom SMS was applied to the soil in 3 different amounts, 1, 2 and 4 kg.m-² and for comparison, 3 organic sources normally used in the production of vegetables were used: chicken manure (3 kg.m-²), commercial substrate A ® (4 kg.m -²) and commercial substrate B ® (1.5 kg.m -²). The experiment consisted of 13 treatments represented by beds of 1 m². The treatments were T1 - control; T2 - SMS of A. subrufescens (dose 1- 1 kg.m-²); T3 - SMS of A. subrufescens (dose 2 - 2 kg.m -²); T4 - SMS of A. subrufescens (dose 3 - 4 kg.m-²); T5 - SMS of P. ostreatus (dose 1 - 1 kg.m-²); T6 -SMS of P. ostreatus (dose 2 - 2 kg.m - ²); T7 - SMS of P. ostreatus (dose 3 - 4 kg.m-²); T8 -SMS of A. subrufescens 50% + P. ostreatus 50% (dose 1 - 1 kg.m-²); T9 - SMS of A. subrufescens 50% + P. ostreatus 50% (dose 2 - 2 kg.m - ²); T10 - SMS of A. subrufescens 50% + P. ostreatus 50% (dose 3-4 kg.m-²); T11 - chicken manure (1,5 kg.m-²); T12 -commercial substrate A ® (4 kg.m -²); T13 - commercial substrate B ® (3 kg.m -²). The following variables were analyzed: number of total leaves; root length; fresh root mass; root dry mass; shoot length; fresh shoot mass; dry shoot mass; besides lap diameter and productivity. It was concluded that the use of the SMS of Agaricus subrufescens at the dose of (4 kg.m-²) is an organic fertilizer alternative in lettuce and arugula cultivation, with superior quality in relation to commercials. Besides, the treatments T10-SMS of A. subrufescens 50% + P. ostreatus 50% (dose 3 - 4 kg.m-²) and T5-SMS of P. ostreatus (dose 1 - 1 kg.m-²) presented statistically results intermediaries, but too quite satisfactory, showing the potential of SMS in the production of vegetables