Híbridos experimentais de pimentão com frutos graúdos para cultivo em campo e em estufa

Abstract

This study’s objective was to identify competitive new sweet peppers hybrids for both greenhouse and field segments, in terms of productivity, larger fruit size and resistance to diseases potentially equal to or broader than those existing in the present hybrids, particularly in relation to soil pathogens Phytophthora capsici and Meloidogyne incognita. Two independent greenhouse experiments were carried out in the experimental area of the HortiAgro Sementes S. A. seed company. The first trial was set up in an augmented block design with three replications. Ninety-two sweet pepper genotypes were the treatments. Of these, seventeen corresponded to the common treatments, repeated in the different blocks, represented by the commercial samplers Mallorca, Dahra R, Dahra RX, Maestro, Melina, Cida R, Beti R, Rubia R, Timor and Magali R and seven experimental hybrids. As regular treatments, seventy-five experimental hybrids distributed among the blocks were evaluated, of which ten were considered as additional. Total fruit yield, average mass, early yield, fruit length/diameter ratio, longitudinal section shape, peduncle insertion depth, pericarp thickness, number of locules per fruit and insertion height of the first fruit were measured. The Rubia R hybrid was used as a standard commercial sampler comparison for near rectangular shaped hybrids, and the Dahra R was used as sampler for conical shaped fruit. Fifteen experimental hybrids were then selected for their high yields and average fruit mass, as well as good fruit attributes and specific for each segment. In the second trial, was set up in a randomized block design with six replications. Five commercial samplers (Mallorca, Dahra, Dahra RX, Beti R and Rubia R) and the 15 experimental hybrids selected in the first trial were evaluated. With the exception of early yield, the same traits of the first trial were measured. Considering the averages of the two trials, the hybrids of rectangular section PIM-HE-181 and PIM-HE-211 stood out, for their high yield (52.22 t.ha-1 and 49.79 t.ha-1), and average fruit mass (178.57 g.fruit-1 and 162.08 g.fruit-1), and their resistance to both Phytophthora capsici and PepYMV, based on the genealogy of their parental lines. As a maternal parent common to the previous high-profile hybrids, the line PIX-053D-05-02-1-03 was notable for its good combining ability. The hybrids of conical section PIM-HE-197 and PIM-HE-152 stood out, for their average total yield of 57.20 t.ha-1 and 51.89 t.ha-1 respectively and, 166.33 g.fruit-1 and 180.25 g.fruit-1 respectively for average fruit mass, and their resistance to both Pepper Yellow Mosaic Virus (PepYMV) and M. incognita, based on the genealogy of their parental lines. Thus, these hybrids proved to be competitive with the current products available in the market.