Aspectos fisiológicos e anatômicos de Crambe abyssinica Hochst submetida à salinidade

Abstract

Salinity has the first place on the abiotic factors that affect the cultures, it has origin on inappropriate and unsustainable soil and irrigation water management and on natural processes, on general terms vegetations is affected by alterations on that media, however some species show adaptations to those environments, to at a lesser or greater extent, being necessary to study those species in order to know their potentialities and limitations according to their adjustment to saline environments. Crambe abyssinica is a plant which has called the agriculturists interest because of its oil production potential with many industrial uses and other plant utilities, but little information has been generated about its adaptation to saline soils. In this way was established the objective to understand the salinity effects about the crambe abyssinica physiology and anatomy measuring some physiological variables related to the plant tolerance. Accordingly crambe plants of the variety "Brilhante" were subjected to four salinity conditions induced on the soil with sodium chloride, resulting on electrical conductivities of 802, 961, 1374 e 1788 µS.cm-1 (CE 1:1), which constituted the treatments, the control treatments was established as soil without sodium chloride treatment, and were made growth analysis, antioxidant enzyme tests on the three plant phenological stages and leaf anatomy. The growth analyses gave information about changes on the height, biomass and yield, the treatment with the highest salinity level had a 32% height decrease compared with the control. The enzymatic analysis: superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and catalase (CAT), were evaluated in order to understand the crambe antioxidant system responses to different salinity levels on the soil, the results showed an increase in the enzymatic activities along with the salinity levels, in general terms the major activity registers were found at 1374 e 1788 µS.cm-1, these increases were associated with the biochemical plant responses as a result of the salinity levels tested, also the anatomy variables gave as a result that salinity modifies the stomata density and format. Can be concluded that variety FMS Brilhante has salinity tolerance at 1374 µS.cm-1 (CE 1:1), which did not happen with the highest salinity level, were obtained a 75.6 % production drop.