Fenologia da Copernicia prunifera (Arecaceae) em uma área de caatinga do Rio Grande do Norte

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the vegetative and reproductive phenology of Copernicia prunifera (carnauba wax) in natural populations correlated with climate variables. The study was conducted in a native area, located in the Campus of Academic Unit Specialized in Agricultural Sciences of UFRN in the municipality of Macaíba, RN. The evaluations were made between May 2010 and December 2012, totaling 67 fortnightly observations of vegetative phenophases and reproductive. The relationship between the occurrence of each phenophase and climate variables (air temperature, precipitation, relative humidity, wind speed and radiation) were tested by Spearman correlation, performed with the climate data of the first (rS1), second (rS2), third (rS3) and fourth (rS4) phenological fortnight prior to the event. Individuals of C. prunifera are asynchronous with leaf loss and emission of new leaves all the time. Flowering is subanual, i.e. occurs more than once a year. There is a positive relationship between the intensity of unripe fruits and higher temperature with delay of three (rS3 = 0.261; P < 0.005) to four fortnights (rS4 = 0.276; P < 0.005) to the phenological event. We observed also significant positive correlations between temperature and number of trees with ripe fruits. Thus, it is assumed that the species studied was influenced by aspects of morphology and physiology, with environmental factors interfering secondarily.