Himenópteros parasitóides em áreas de cafeiro em transição agroecológica no sul de Minas Gerais e a construção conjunta do conhecimento

Abstract

Brazil is the largest producer of coffee in the world. Minas Gerais is the state that has the largest production. The southern region of the state is the largest coffee producing region - Coffea Arabic - demonstrating high representation of organic coffee or in agro-ecological transition. The coffee tree may be the host of arthropod broad range and some of them constitute key-pest of the crop, causing major losses due to the damage they cause. The natural enemies, especially micro-hymenopteran parasitoids play an important role in regulating these pests, as well as, being indispensable in the agro-ecological production. Thus, in this study has as an objective the jointly development of knowledge associated with the hymenoptera parasitoids evaluation in coffee in transition process (conventional to agro-ecological) in the southern state of Minas Gerais. This study was conducted on 24 demonstration units distributed in four cropping systems, Conventional, SAT, Full Sunlight Organic and Shaded Organic, in a total area 6.0 ha on agrarian reform in the municipalities of Campo do Meio and Guapé. Every studied areas were in transition process since February 2013. Samples were performed with the help of farmers using Moericke traps from January 2014 to December 2014. During the collection period other activities were developed, such as a course with the title: “Jointly development of knowledge to agro-ecological transition”, divided into two modules and exchanges of families that participating of the projects in other fields from organic coffee production. The parasitoids collected were identified in families and separated into morphospecies. A total of 4450 insects from nine super-families were collected - among all treatments - 26 families and 143 morphospecies. In the Conventional treatment were collected 1013 insects; Full Sunlight Organic 933; Shaded Organic 1310; and in the treatment with no pesticide (SAT) 1194. The obtained results in this study allowed concluding that coffee trees in agro-ecological transition are favorable environments for the maintenance and preservation of natural enemies hymenoptera parasitoids and the jointly development of knowledge contributes to the development of agroecology, respecting the popular knowledge and directing it to the pest ecological management in coffee trees.